1, 2 Nanomaterials are especially well suited for medical applications because of their unique properties including facile synthesis, controllable size, tunable surface chemistry, large surface-to-volume ratios and significant biocompatibility all considered as promising for almost all aspects of biotechnology to overcome the many limitations in existing conventional materials. In recent decades, research in the field of biotechnology has focused on nanotechnology and nanomaterials. Lastly, this review covers the future research necessary for the field of CNT medicine to grow even further. Despite a lack of widespread FDA approval, CNTs have been studied for decades and plenty of in vivo and in vitro reports have been published, which are reviewed here. However, despite all of these promises, the most important continuous concerns raised by scientists reside in CNT nanotoxicology and the environmental effects of CNTs, mostly because of their non-biodegradable state. Further, the easy surface functionalization of CNTs has prompted their use to deliver different genes, such as plasmid DNA (PDNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and small interfering RNA (siRNA) as gene delivery vectors for various diseases such as cancers. In addition, the unique optical properties of CNTs have led to their use in a number of platforms for improved photo-therapy. CNTs have acted as carriers of anticancer molecules (including docetaxel (DTX), doxorubicin (DOX), methotrexate (MTX), paclitaxel (PTX), and gemcitabine (GEM)), anti-inflammatory drugs, osteogenic dexamethasone (DEX) steroids, etc. CNTs are effectively taken up by many different cell types through several mechanisms. The unique properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (such as their high surface to volume ratios, enhanced conductivity and strength, biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, optical properties, etc.) have led to their consideration to serve as novel drug and gene delivery carriers.
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